ABSTRACT
BackgroundAnxiety disorders are highly prevalent that affect millions of people worldwide. Homeopathic system is gaining popularity due to its efficacy in chronic diseases. Ultra-diluted Aconitum napellusis a homeopathic medicine used by clinicians for treatment ofacute anxiety.AimObjective of this study is to test the efficacy of Aconiteon experimental anxiety models of Wistar rats. Methodology18 Female Wistar rats were dividedinto Control, Anxiety, andAnxiety + Aconite(ANX+ACO) groups. Acute stress was induced by restraining the rats for sixhours daily for fivedays in Anxiety and ANX + ACO groups. After fivedays of stress,a single dose of Aconite200cH was given to ANX + ACO group through oral gavage, whereas control and anxiety group rats were maintainedwith a normaldiet. Following this, behavioral assessment was done. Histological sections of the hippocampal area weretaken and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and also Cresyl violet stain. ResultsIt was observedthat the Aconitetreated group had morenumber of entries and also the percentage of time spent in the open arm was higher than the stressed anxiety group. Histological study of the brain tissue procured from all three groups was analyzed. ConclusionIt was inferred that ultra-diluted homeopathicAconitehas decreased anxiety in Wistar rats which were subjectedto acute restrainstress. However,the decrease was not statistically significant to deduce Aconiteas an anxiolytic.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anxiety , High Potencies , Aconitum , HomeopathyABSTRACT
Background: The peptic ulcers can be developed inside the inner lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Around 10% population of the world is suffering from the peptic ulcer disease. From the ancient times there is a reference about herbal extracts like Sesame indicum for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of the study is Evaluation of the anti-peptic ulcer activity of the seed extract of sesame (Sesamum indicum) in stress induced peptic ulcers in rats.Methods: The study was carried out by stress-induced ulcer model in wistar rats. The antiulcer activity of S. indicum (0.5, 1mg/kg p.o. for 7 days) was compared with standard drugs (pantoprazole). The studied parameters were mucin content, gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, ulcer index, size and number.Results: The low and high dose of S. indicum extract significantly reduced gastric mucosal lesion, mucin content, volume of gastric juice, gastric pH, free and total acidity when compared to positive control group. The high dose of S. indicum extract showed comparable results in parameters like effect on mucin content, gastric volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity with standard group. The statistical significant changes noted only in ulcer size, number and index.Conclusions: Although the high dose S. indicum (1mg/kg) group showed significant gastric protection against ulcer induced by cold restraint method. However, no clear inference can be drawn at this stage and hence there is a need for further extensive research.
ABSTRACT
The superficial peroneal nerve is one of the terminal branch of common peroneal nerve. There are reports in the available literature about the variant course and distribution of this nerve. The variations of the above nerve are important and provide important information to surgeons during dissection of lower limb. In the present case a rare higher division of superficial peroneal nerve into medial and lateral branches in the leg was seen in an adult male cadaver in left lower limb. Awareness of anatomical variations of superficial peroneal nerve presented here becomes important to avoid injury in clinical situations like pain over the lateral malleolus.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mucins are complex composition of carbohydrates and may be present as a mixture of different types. Normal distribution of mucin and its alteration in various inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions of gastrointestinal tract has aroused interest in the field of histochemistry. The main purpose of present work is to study the staining pattern and distribution of cells in different parts of fetal gastric mucosa and to correlate the nature of gastric mucins and its functional significance. Methods: A total of 25 fetus stomach specimens (total 75 samples) one sample each from different parts of the stomach like fundus, body and pylorus, from fresh specimens. The samples were washed in normal saline, fixed in 2% calcium acetate in 10% formalin. These tissues were routinely processed and paraffin blocks were prepared. 6 sections of these blocks were taken for histological and different histochemical staining. Results: Fetal fundic part of stomach shows increased neutral mucin in surface epithelium and foveolar cells. With combined AB pH 2.5 - PAS technique increased neutral mucin and small amount of acid mucins are observed. With AB pH 1, surface epithelium and deep glands show negative staining. Moderate alcinophilia is observed in deep foveolar cells and glandular cells. AB pH 2.5 shows alcinophilia in surface epithelium, foveolar cells and mucous neck cells indicating presence of sialomucin. Fetal pyloric part of stomach shows increased acid and neutral mucins. With pH 2.5 - PAS staining, purple staining is observed in surface epithelium, deep foveolar and pyloric glands. Conclusion: All types of mucosubstances - neutral, sialo and sulpho-mucins, are secreted in relatively increased amounts by the surface epithelium and the glands of the stomach of the human fetus and neonate. Sulphomucin is seen mainly in the cells of the surface epithelium.